宿州市农村地区浅层地下水水文地球化学特征及水质评价

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in Rural Areas of Suzhou

摘要: 为进一步了解和掌握宿州市农村区域浅层地下水水文地球化学特征及水质状况，以农村区域32组家庭饮用浅层地下水为研究对象，运用Piper图、Gibbs图及多元统计分析，综合分析研究区浅层地下水水文地球化学特征及水岩作用；利用USSL和Wilcox图解法，结合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)，对浅层地下水的卫生状况进行水质评价。研究结果表明：研究区域浅层地下水水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型为主，pH范围为6.83~7.76，平均值为7.25，极少部分属于中性偏弱酸性水，绝大部分属于中性偏弱碱性水，TDS值的范围为285.00~943.00 mg∙L⁻¹，平均值为531.16 mg∙L⁻¹，属于水质硬度较高。阴阳离子浓度由大到小依次为HCO₃^- > Cl⁻ > SO₄^2->NO₃^- > F⁻和Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺。离子来源与硫酸盐岩溶解、岩盐溶解、碳酸盐岩溶解、硅酸盐岩风化等作用有关。研究区水质不适于饮用，但基本符合农田灌溉的要求，合理灌溉不会造成盐害与碱害。

Abstract: In order to further understand and grasp the hydrological geochemical characteristics and water quality of shallow groundwater in rural areas of Suzhou City, 32 groups of households in rural areas took shallow groundwater drinking as the research object, and used Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram and multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively analyze the hydrological geochemical characteristics and water rock action of shallow groundwater in the research area; Using the USSL and Wilcox diagrams, combined with the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006), the sanitary status of shallow groundwater was evaluated. The results show that the chemical type of shallow groundwater in the research area is mainly HCO_3-Ca type, the pH range is 6.83~7.76, the average value is 7.25, only a tiny minority belong to neutral weak acidic water, most of them belong to neutral weak alkaline water, and the TDS value ranges from 285.00 to 943.00 mg∙L⁻¹, the average is 531.16 mg∙L⁻¹, which belongs to the high hardness of water quality. The anion and plasma concentrations, from largest to smallest, were HCO₃^- > Cl⁻ > SO₄^2->NO₃^- > F⁻ and Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺. The ion source is related to the dissolution of sulfate rocks, the dissolution of rock salts, the dissolution of carbonate rocks, and the weathering of silicate rocks. The water quality in the research area is not suitable for drinking, but it basically meets the requirements of farmland irrigation, and reasonable irrigation will not cause salt and alkali damage.