重庆市3~6岁幼儿每日饮用牛奶率现状及父母影响

Status Quo of Daily Milk Consumption Rate and Parent Influence among Children Aged 3~6 Years Old in Chongqing

摘要: 目的：了解3~6岁幼儿每日饮用牛奶(饮奶)率现状及父母影响，为引导幼儿养成每日饮奶习惯提供参考。方法：采用方便抽样方法，2021年11~12月，在重庆市10个区29所幼儿园选取4072名3~6岁幼儿的父母参与问卷调查，请幼儿父母汇报近一个月内幼儿及父/母的每日牛奶饮用率，采用logistic回归分析父母因素对幼儿每日饮奶的影响。结果：重庆市3~6岁幼儿每日饮奶率为15.7%。不同年龄、生源地、独生情况、家庭月收入、父/母学历、父/母每日饮奶情况的幼儿每日饮奶率差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为15.755、34.460、31.596、100.038、50.029/41.399、188.751/274.540，均P < 0.01)，3岁(19.1%)高于4、5、6岁(16.5%、14.4%、11.5%)，城市(17.6%)高于农村(9.9%)，独生子女(19.4%)高于非独生子女(12.9%)，家庭月收入 > 10,000元(22.4%)高于5000~1000、<5000元(12.1%、8.6%)，父/母学历本科及以上(20.7%, 20.4%)高于父/母专科及以下(12.4%, 12.8%)，父/母每日饮奶(84.6%, 88.2%)高于父/母非每日饮奶(14.8%, 14.5%)。父亲学历本科及以上(OR = 1.305, 95% CI = 1.048~1.625)及父/母每日饮奶(OR = 5.907, 95% CI = 2.219~15.724; OR = 18.675, 95% CI = 8.135~42.871)是幼儿每日饮奶的保护因素。结论：3~6岁幼儿每日饮奶率偏低，政府、幼儿园、家庭应采取措施引导幼儿养成每日饮奶的良好习惯。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to describe the status quo of daily milk consumption rate and parent influence among children aged 3~6 years old, and to provide reference for guiding children to form the habit of daily milk consumption. Methods: Using convenience sampling from November to December 2021, 4072 parents of preschool-age children aged 3~6 years old from 29 kinder-gartens in 10 district of Chongqing completed questionnaires, and parents were asked to report the daily milk consumption rate of themselves and their children in the past month. Logistic re-gression was used to analyze parents’ influence on children’ daily milk consumption. Results: The daily milk consumption rate of 3~6 years old children in Chongqing was 15.7%. There were significant difference between different age, native place, only-child, monthly household income, parents’ education degree and parents’ daily milk consumption (χ² value was 15.755, 34.460, 31.596, 100.038, 50.029/41.399, 188.751/274.540 respectively, all P < 0.01), the 3 years old (19.1%) was beyond the 4, 5, 6 years old (16.5%, 14.4%, 11.5%), the urban (17.6%) was beyond the rural (9.9%), being only-child (19.4%) was beyond not being only-child (12.9%), monthly household income > 10,000 yuan (22.4%) was beyond the 5000~1000 and <5000 yuan (12.1%, 8.6%), the father/mother who has bachelor or above (20.7%, 20.4%) was beyond those has college or below (12.4%, 12.8%), the father/mother drinking milk every day (84.6%, 88.2%) was beyond those no drinking milk every day (14.8%, 14.5%). Father who has bachelor or above (OR = 1.305, 95% CI = 1.048~1.625) and father/mother drinking milk every day (OR = 5.907, 95% CI = 2.219~15.724; OR = 18.675, 95% CI = 8.135~42.871) were protective factors for children to drink milk daily. Conclusion: The daily milk drinking consumption rate of 3~6 years old children is low. The government, kindergartens and families should take measures to guide children to develop a good diet of drinking milk every day.