BBNJ环评实施过程中的关键分歧——法理探究和协调对策

The Key Differences in the Implementation of the Environment Impact Assessment System in BBNJ Agreement—Jurisprudential Study and Coordination Countermeasures

摘要: 国家管辖范围外海域生物多样性养护和可持续利用协定中的环境影响评价制度(以下简称BBNJ环评)是目前国际上认同度最高的海洋治理安排之一。对BBNJ环评实施过程中的关键分歧开展法理探究有助于我们超越传统的利益分析路径，从而为后续谈判提供兼顾学术合理性和现实可行性的对策建议。环评实施过程的焦点问题在于“阈值”和“环评结果与决策的关系”。本文认为，普遍适用单一高阈值对BBNJ环评而言最为合理，而预留特殊规制则会确保协定的灵活性。BBNJ环评的不利结果对决策不会产生决定性影响是符合法理和现有法的务实判断，但考虑到BBNJ环评的特殊性，有必要借助环评义务群和国际机构以增加环评报告对决策的影响力。

Abstract: The environment impact assessment system in BBNJ Agreement (EIA in BBNJ) is one of the most well-recognized ocean governance ar-rangements. The jurisprudential study of the key differences in the implementation of the EIA in BBNJ will help us to transcend the traditional path of state interests analysis and put forward coun-termeasures and suggestions of the follow-up negotiations that take into account rationality and feasibility. The focus of the EIA implementation process includes the threshold and the impact of the EIA report on decision-making. The paper holds that, establishing a single high threshold is the most reasonable plan for the EIA in BBNJ, while special regulations are conducive to ensuring the flexibility of the BBNJ agreement. The judgement that adverse results of the EIA report will not have a decisive impact on the decision-making is in line with the jurisprudence and Lex Lata, but considering the particularity of the EIA in BBNJ, it is necessary to increase the influence of EIA re-port on decision-making by means of EIA obligation group and international institutions.