船舶基座声学设计方法研究

Research on the Design Method of Ship Bases with Acoustic Characteristics

摘要: 基座作为连接船体结构和机械设备的中间结构，是设备载荷的重要传递途径，基座的声学特性对船舶机械噪声的控制具有重要的意义。本文基于声学有限元的方法，以某舱段模型为例，从声学设计角度出发分析基座结构形式、布置以及结构参数等对船舶机械噪声的影响规律，探索基座声学设计方法。结果表明，低频段改变基座的参数对基座机械阻抗和机械噪声的影响较小；在中高频段基座的振动参与程度越来越高，改变基座的结构参数对基座的阻抗特性和机械噪声影响越来越大。甲板基座主要控制低频噪声，而双层底基座主要控制中频段噪声。本文的结论，对基座的声学设计和结构的减振降噪设计具有重要的指导作用。

Abstract: As a connecting structure between the hull and mechanical equipment, the base is an important transfer paths for equipment loads, and the acoustic characteristics of the base are of great significance to the control of ship mechanical noise. Based on the acoustic finite element method, taking a cabin model as an example, the paper analyzes the influence of the structural form, layout, and structural parameters of the base on the mechanical noise of the ship from the perspective of acoustic design, and explores the acoustic design method of the base. The results show that the changing parameters of the base in low frequencies have less influence on the mechanical impedance and mechanical noise. In the middle and high frequency domain, changing the structural parameters of the base has an increasing impact on the impedance characteristics and mechanical noise. The deck base mainly controls low frequency noise, while the double bottom base mainly controls middle frequency noise. The conclusion of this paper has an important guiding role in the acoustic design of the base and the vibration and noise reduction design of the structure.