北京生态涵养区空气负离子浓度分布特征及影响因子

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Negative Ion Concentration in Beijing Ecological Conservation Area

摘要: 为了阐明各北京生态涵养区之间空气负离子的时空分布特征及影响因子，本文分析研究了北京生态涵养区代表站为期2年的空气负离子浓度数据。结果表明，北京生态涵养区空气负离子分布整体上呈现出西北部优于东南部，夏秋季高于春冬季的特征，在北京各生态涵养区代表站中怀柔区代表站全年平均负离子浓度值最高为1762个•CM⁻³；除延庆外的其他代表站负离子浓度的日变化曲线呈单峰的形态，峰值出现在上午9时至10时前后；空气负离子浓度受站点周边环境、气象要素及大气气溶胶等因子的影响。北京生态涵养区代表站中负离子浓度与气温、相对湿度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，与风速及PM_2.5、PM₁₀的浓度呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01)。本文结合负离子浓度分布特点为公众康养出行提供了建议。另外建议尽早开展各种负离子测量仪器的标校工作以利于提高数据可比性及可用性。

Abstract: In order to clarify the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of air negative ions among the ecological conservation areas in Beijing, this paper analyzes and studies the data of air negative ion concentration in the representative stations of Beijing ecological conservation areas for a period of two years. The results show that the average negative ion concentration in the representative station in Huairou District is the highest throughout the year, which is 1762•CM⁻³. The air ion distribution in Beijing shows that the northwest is better than the southeast on the whole, and the summer and autumn are higher than the spring and winter. Except for the representative station in Yanqing, the daily variation curve of negative ion concentration is in the form of a single peak, and the peak appears around 9:00 to 10:00 in the morning. The concentration of air negative ions is affected by the surrounding environment of the site, meteorological elements and atmospheric aerosols and other factors. The negative ion concentration is positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the air temperature and relative humidity, and negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with the wind speed and the concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. Combined with the above characteristics, suggestions are provided for public health care travel. In addition, it is hoped that the calibration of various negative ion measuring instruments will be carried out as soon as possible to improve the comparability and usability of data.