大学新生学业拖延与冲动性特质的关系研究

The Relationship between Academic Procrastination Behaviors and Impulsivity Traits of Freshmen

摘要: 目的：分析大学新生学业拖延行为的状况以及与冲动性特质的关系。方法：对425名大学新生进行调查，通过Aitken拖延问卷(API)和冲动性量表(BIS-11)对大学新生的学业拖延以及冲动性特质状况进行调查，两问卷匹配后，筛选出有效数据为277份，以拖延得分的前30%作为筛选标准。筛选出高拖延者43人，组成高拖延者组。结果：80%的大学新生都存在不同程度的拖延倾向，其中10.8%的学生存在重度拖延现象。Aitken拖延问卷得分与总冲动性呈显著正相关(r = 0.455 > 0, p < 0.05)，与各分维度注意冲动性(r = 0.408 > 0, p < 0.05)，运动冲动性(r = 0.289 > 0, p < 0.05)，无计划冲动性(r = 0.390 > 0, p < 0.05)也呈显著正相关。Logistics回归结果表明，BIS冲动性分维度注意冲动性和无计划冲动性特质对学业拖延倾向具有极其显著的预测作用，可以预测学业拖延倾向中18.7%和26.3%的变异。结论：学业拖延行为在大学新生中是一种较为普遍的现象；大学生的拖延行为与总冲动性以及冲动性各分维度之间关系密切，且与注意冲动性有着更强的关系。注意冲动性和无计划冲动性特质可能是大学新生学业拖延行为产生的潜在风险因素。

Abstract: Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic procrastina-tion behaviors and impulsivity traits of freshmen. Methods: Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were used in this investigation in 425 college freshmen. After complete case selection, the data of 277 participants were used as the final valid data. The top 30% of procrastination total scores were used as screening criteria, as a result, 43 participants were screened out to form a high procrastinator group. Results: 80% of college freshmen showed different levels of procrastination, and 10.8% of them showed severe levels of procrastination. The total scores of API were significantly positively correlated with the total scores of BIS-11 (r = 0.455 > 0, p < 0.05). Also, the total scores of API were significantly positively correlated with three sub-scales of BIS-11: Attentional impulsiveness (r = 0.408 > 0, p < 0.05), motor impulsiveness (r = 0.289 > 0, p < 0.05), and non-planning impulsiveness (r = 0.390 > 0, p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, the logistic regression results showed that the scores of two of the three sub-scales of BIS: Attentional impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness, had extremely significant predictive effects on academic procrastination tendency, which predicted 18.7% and 26.3% of the variance in academic procrastination tendency, respectively. Conclusions: Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among college freshmen; college students’ procrastination is closely related to the total impulsivity scores and the sub-dimensions of impulsivity scores, and has a stronger relationship with attentional impulsiveness trait. Attentional impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness traits may be potential risk factors for academic procrastination in college freshmen.