中重度视力损害与盲目患者生存质量现状调查及影响因素分析

Status Survey and Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment and Blindness

摘要: 目的：调查中重度视力损害与盲目患者生存质量现状，分析其影响因素，为中重度视力损害与盲目患者的康复护理提供理论依据。方法：采用横断面临床研究设计，便利抽取2021年5月~2022年5月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院接受治疗并符合研究标准的117例患者为研究对象。采用中文版低视力生存质量量表(CLVQOL)和自行设计的患者一般情况问卷进行调查，分析中重度视力损害与盲目患者生存质量现状，采用单因素及多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果：随着视力损害严重程度的增加，患者整体生存质量随之下降,中重度视力损害与盲目患者的生存质量得分分别为75.55 ± 22.68、54.71 ± 21.63、47.57 ± 17.91，中度视力损害患者分别与重度视力损害和盲目患者生存质量差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，重度视力损害与盲目患者生存质量差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，单因素及多元线性回归分析显示视力损害程度为生存质量的独立影响因素。结论：中重度视力损害与盲目患者的生存质量处于较低水平，中重度视力损害与盲目患者生存质量的影响因素主要与视力损害程度有关，因此，临床中主要针对不同的视力损害程度实施有效的康复护理干预、健康教育及团体支持，以期提高中重度视力损害与盲目患者的生存质量。

Abstract: Objective: Investigate the current status quality of life of patients with moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness, analyzing its influential factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the visual rehabilitation nursing of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, 117 patients who received treatment in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and met the research criteria from March to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. The Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Scale and self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness. Univariate and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influential factors. Results: The quality of life of patients with moderate and severe visual impairment and blindness were 75.55 ± 22.68, 54.71 ± 21.63, and 47.57 ± 17.91, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the quality of life between patients with moderate visual impairment and severe visual impairment and blindness (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the quality of life between patients with severe visual impairment and blindness (P > 0.05). Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of visual impairment was an independent factor affecting the quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness is at a low level. The influential factor of the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness are mainly related to the degree of visual impairment. Therefore, effective rehabilitation nursing interventions, health education and group support should be implemented for the different degree of visual impairment to improve the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.