互助场景和志愿心理对大学生志愿行为的影响

The Influence of Mutual Assistance Scenes and Voluntary Psychology on Voluntary Behaviors of College Students

摘要: 编制大学生志愿心理量表并探讨互助场景和志愿心理对大学生志愿行为的影响。研究1a对18名被试进行访谈，发现志愿心理由内外资源、行为倾向、性格因素和精神认知四个因素构成。研究1b编制大学生志愿心理量表，对611名大学生进行施测，发现四因素结构有良好的拟合指数，信度和效度良好。研究二采用2 (志愿组别：高、低) × 2 (干预：前、后) × 3 (互助场景：专业人士、普通人士、受灾群众)混合实验设计，以不同互助场景图片对288名被试进行施测，发现在高、低志愿心理水平下，干预前得分均显著高于干预后得分，但低志愿心理水平组的效应大于高志愿心理水平组。结果表明大学生志愿心理量表各项指标均符合心理测量学要求，可作为未来研究的工具。观看现实生活中带有风险因素的互助图片会降低大学生的志愿行为，可通过增加志愿服务教育提高大学生的志愿心理。

Abstract: The purpose of this present study was to use qualitative and quantitative research methods to develop a scale of college student’s voluntary psychology and discuss the influence of different mutual assistance scenes and voluntary psychology on college students’ voluntary behaviors. Study 1a: 18 subjects were interviewed by qualitative research method. The results showed that the voluntary psychology consisted of four factors, which were internal and external resources, behavioral tendencies, personality factors and spiritual cognition. Study 1b: The Undergraduate Voluntary Psychology Scale was compiled and 611 college students were tested. The results showed that: 1) The structure of four factors of voluntary psychology had a good fit index; 2) The scale had good reliability and validity. Study 2: The 2 (voluntary psychology: high vs low) × 2 (intervention: before vs after) × 3 (mutual assistance scene: Professionals vs ordinary people vs disaster victims) mixed experimental design was used, 288 subjects were tested with the Undergraduate Voluntary Psychology Scale and they were showed pictures of different mutual assistance scenes. The voluntary behaviors were tested by questions. The results showed that: Under the high level of voluntary psychology, the scores before the intervention were significantly higher than those after the intervention; In the low voluntary psychological level, the score before intervention was also significantly higher than that after intervention, but the effect was greater than that in the high voluntary psychological level group. The results showed that the Undergraduate Voluntary Psychology Scale meet the requirements of psychometrics and can be used as a tool for future research. Watching mutual assistance pictures with risk factors in real life will reduce the voluntary behavior of college students, and can improve the voluntary psychology and behavior of college students by increasing voluntary service education.