基于文本挖掘的上海市大气污染治理政策工具变迁研究

A Study on the Change of Air Pollution Control Policy Tools in Shanghai Based on Text Mining

摘要: 大气污染防治是生态环境保护的重要内容。本文基于政策文本分析方法，运用ROSTCM软件，梳理2016~2020年上海市及下属具有代表性的六个区发布的大气污染治理政策的文本脉络，构建“时间、主体、数量、类型、词频”的大气污染治理政策分析框架，对上海市级以及区级生态环境局的政策文件进行可视化研究，探讨各地方政府对大气污染治理的关注点，明确当前大气污染防治政策的演变规律。通过对上海大气污染治理政策进行梳理，研究发现，虽然上海市政府及生态环境局政策文本时效性较强，但在政策发布的连贯性、政策类型的系统性、出台政策的具体形式等方面还需进一步完善。

Abstract: Air pollution prevention and control is an important element of ecological environmental protection. Based on the policy text analysis method, this paper uses ROSTCM software to sort out the textual context of air pollution control policies issued by the city and six representative districts in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020, construct a policy analysis framework of “time, subject, quantity, type, and word frequency” for air pollution control policies, and conduct a visual study of the policy documents of Shanghai city-level and district-level ecological environment bureaus. We also visualize the policy documents issued by the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment and the district-level bureaus, explore the concerns of each local government on air pollution control, and clarify the evolution of current air pollution control policies. The Shanghai air pollution control policies are sorted out, and the study finds that although the policy texts of the Shanghai Municipal Government and the Ecological Environment Bureau are strong timeliness, further improvements are needed in terms of the consistency of policy issuance, the systematization of policy types, and the specific forms of policies introduced.