民勤退耕地修复模式选择及生态系统监测研究

Restoration Model Selection and Ecosystem Monitoring of Abandoned Cropland in Minqin

摘要: 本文针对石羊河流域下游生态环境破坏后出现的一系列严重问题展开调查与研究。以沙漠化、盐碱化防治为切入点，以修复和重建民勤绿洲退耕地生态系统为目标，采用生态学和恢复生态学的基本原理，对沙化退耕地和盐碱化退耕地的生物修复模式进行解析，认为人工与自然恢复措施相结合的生态恢复途径是民勤退耕地治理的思路。共总结出5种退耕地修复模式，分别为低密度梭梭林修复模式、沙化退耕地人工柠条林修复技术模式、梭梭接种肉苁蓉模式、柽柳人工造林恢复模式和“黑果枸杞/黄毛头 + 封育”技术模式。结果表明：1) 密度2 m × 8 m梭梭林是沙化退耕地人工植被体系建设的一种理想模式；2) 株距2 m、带宽20 m的柠条林带和灌溉农田组成的模式是农田防护林体系中具有推广前景的模式；3) 现有柠条造林模式中密度2 m × 4 m的柠条林是一种比较理想的生态恢复模式；4) 1 m × 4 m柽柳人工林是盐碱化退耕地植被恢复的理想模式。提出民勤退耕地重建生态系统监测与评价体系，总结出退耕地重建生态系统在绿洲防护系统中地位与作用研究，并提出民勤绿洲退耕地生态治理的思路与对策措施，旨在为石羊河流域生态综合治理提供理论依据和科技支撑。

Abstract: This paper investigates and studies a series of serious problems after the ecological environment destruction in the lower reaches of Shiyang River Basin. With desertification and salinization pre-vention as the entry point, and restoration and reconstruction of the ecological system of the abandoned farmland in Minqin Oasis as the goal, the basic principles of ecology and restoration ecology were adopted to analyze the bioremediation model of the desertified farmland and the salinized farmland. The ecological restoration approach combining artificial and natural restoration measures is the thought of Minqin’s farmland restoration. Five restoration modes were developed, including low-density ammodendron ammodendron forest restoration mode, artificial caragana korshinskii forest restoration technology mode, Haloxylon ammodendron planting cistanche mode, Tamarix ramosissima artificial afforestation restoration mode, and “lycium barbarum/Huangtou + enclosure” technology mode. The results showed as follows: 1) Ammodendron forest with a density of 2 m × 8 m is an ideal model for artificial vegetation system construction in desertified and reclaimed land; 2) The model of caragana korshinskii forest belt with spacing of 2 m and bandwidth of 20 m and irrigated farmland is a promising model in shelterbelt system; 3) The caragana korshinskii forest with a density of 2 m × 4 m is an ideal ecological restoration model; 4) 1 m × 4 m tamarix artificial forest is the ideal model of vegetation restoration in saline-alkali reclaimed land. The ecological monitoring and evaluation system of the reclaimed cultivated land in Minqin was put forward, the status and role of the reclaimed ecological system in the oasis protection system were summarized, and the ecological management ideas and countermeasures of the reclaimed cultivated land in Minqin oasis were put forward. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and scientific support for the comprehensive ecological management of Shiyang River Basin.