密尔的功利主义思想及对当下社会的启示

Mill’s Utilitarian Ideas and Implications for Current Society

摘要: 功利主义是伦理学中重要的流派之一，但其思想内涵长期受到各界学者诘难，本文主要通过对密尔功利主义的思想进行探究，通过全面分析其思想内涵，从而为当下社会提供参考。密尔的思想主要为最大幸福原则，是在对快乐计算的基础上进行了质的区分，并对正义与自由和功利之间的关系进行了进一步的阐释。另外，密尔将利己和利他进行了调和，深层次挖掘人内心情感，并为社会活动提供指导。但密尔对快乐质的区分与快乐一元论有所冲突，这也是密尔在思想中引发的矛盾之处。但通过对密尔的思想进行理性分析以及实际运用，能进一步对当下社会提供理论上的思考以及实践上的帮助。

Abstract: Utilitarianism is one of the important schools of ethics, but its ideological connotation has long been criticized by scholars from all walks of life. This paper mainly explores the idea of Mill utilitarianism and comprehensively analyzes its connotation, so as to provide corresponding references for the current society. Mill’s thought, which is primarily the principle of maximum happiness, is based on a qualitative distinction based on the calculation of pleasure, and further explains the relationship between justice and freedom and utilitarianism. In addition, Mill reconciled egoism and altruism, digging deep into people’s inner feelings and providing guidance for social activities. But the distinction between the quality of happiness in Mill’s thought conflicts with the monism of happiness, and this conflict is also the contradiction that Mill raises in his thoughts. However, through the rational analysis and practical application of Mill’s thought, it can further provide theoretical thinking and practical help to the current society.