我国竞争性科研经费配置的校际差异研究——基于国家自然科学基金数据分析

A Study on the Inter-School Differences in the Allocation of Competitive Scientific Research Funds in China—Data Analysis Based on NSFC

摘要: 本文基于国家自然科学基金数据，对基金在不同层次和不同类型的高校中的配置差异以及高校经费的集中度进行了实证研究。研究发现：随着国家自然科学基金每年资助金额的上升，高校所获资助金额的差距越来越大，国家自然科学基金在高等院校中的分布呈现出明显的“金字塔结构”；985高校的科研竞争力远远领先于非985的211高校以及双非院校，其中不同层次高校间的差异是构成总体差异的主要因素；不同类型高校间国家自然科学基金的分配也存在一定的差距，综合类和理工类高校获得资助的金额远远高于农林、文科、医药类高校。

Abstract: Based on the data of the National Natural Science Fund, this paper makes an empirical study on the differences in the allocation of funds in different levels and types of universities and the concentration of university funds. The research finds that: with the increase of the annual funding amount of NSFC, the gap between the funding amount of universities and colleges becomes larger and larger, and the distribution of NSFC in universities and colleges presents an obvious “pyramid structure”; the scientific research competitiveness of 985 universities is far ahead of that of 211 universities and double non-985 universities, among which the difference between universities at different levels is the main factor that constitutes the overall difference; there is also a certain gap in the distribution of national natural science funds among different types of universities. Comprehensive and science and technology universities receive far more funding than agriculture, forestry, liberal arts and medicine universities.