音乐即兴创作的认知及其神经机制

Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Musical Improvisation

摘要: 音乐创造性是人在特定的社会文化环境中基于情感、依托于音乐符号，在不断的实践过程中产生流畅、独特且有价值的音乐产品的能力。在认知神经科学领域，音乐即兴创作因其本身的实时动态性和简单易操作特点受到最多关注。音乐即兴创作是能力、思维、人格和环境的统一，其中聚合思维和发散思维在其中起着主导作用。具体地，默认网络的活动与发散思维有关，最常出现在想法产生阶段；而执行控制网络通常与聚合思维有关，最常出现在想法评估阶段。然而，以往研究较少从动态功能连接视角解析音乐创作过程的大脑活动模式。未来可以采取多种评估方式，使用长时程动态分析方法，运用超扫描方案来探究单人或团体音乐创作的认知神经机制，这对理清音乐创造性的内涵和本质有重要意义。

Abstract: Music creativeness is the ability of people to produce fluent, novel and valuable music products in the process of continuous practice based on emotion and music symbols in a specific social environment. In the field of cognitive neuroscience, music improvisation has attracted the most attention because of its real-time dynamics and convenience. Music improvisation is the unity of ability, thinking, personality and environment, in which convergent thinking and divergent thinking play a leading role. Specifically, the activity of the default network is related to divergent thinking, which occurs most often in the idea generation stage. Executive control networks are usually associated with convergent thinking and most often occur during the idea evaluation phase. However, few studies have analyzed the brain activity patterns of music creation process from the perspective of dynamic functional connectivity. In the future, a variety of evaluation methods can be adopted to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of solo or group music creation by using long-term dynamic analysis method and involving ultra-scanning scheme, which is of great significance to clarify the connotation and nature of music creativeness.