初中生父母自主支持与考试焦虑的关系及自信的中介作用

The Mediating Role of Self-Confidence in the Relationship between Parental Autonomy Support and Test Anxiety in Junior High School Students

摘要: 目的：研究初中生父母自主支持、自信和考试焦虑的关系。方法：采用《父母自主支持量表》《中学生自信问卷》和《考试焦虑量表》。对唐山市某中学326名初中生进行施测。采用SPSS22.0和PROCESS v3.5进行统计分析，统计方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析、中介效应分析，结果：初中生父母自主支持与自信正相关(r = 0.417; P < 0.01)，父母自主支持、考试焦虑与自信均负相关(r = −0.225，−0.383；均P < 0.01)，中介效应检验显示初中生父母自主支持不仅直接作用于初中生的考试焦虑，而且还通过自信的间接作用于考试焦虑。结论：初中生男生比女生表现更高水平的自信，考试焦虑分数低于女生。父母对孩子提供有帮助的指导，给孩子选择的空间，学生主观感知的考试焦虑降低，有利于相信自己的能力和发挥。初中生父母自主支持对考生焦虑的直接作用不显著，但通过自信间接作用于考试焦虑。自信在父母自主支持和考试焦虑之间起着完全中介作用。

Abstract: Objective: To study the relationship between parents’ autonomy support, self-confidence and test anxiety among junior high school students. Method: Parent Autonomy Support Scale, Self-Confidence Questionnaire for Middle School Students and Test Anxiety Scale were used. A total of 326 junior high school students from a middle school in Tangshan city were tested. SPSS22.0 and PROCESS v3.5 were used for statistical analysis. t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis were used for statistical analysis. Result: Parental autonomy support of junior high school students was positively correlated with self-confidence (r = 0.417; P < 0.01), parental autonomy support, test anxiety and self-confidence were negatively correlated (r = −0.225, −0.383; All P < 0.01). The mediating effect test showed that parental autonomy support not only directly affected the test anxiety of junior high school students, but also indirectly affected the test anxiety through self-confidence. Conclusion: Junior high school boys show higher levels of confidence than girls and lower test anxiety scores than girls. Parents provide helpful guidance to children, give children the space to choose, and students’ subjective perception of exam anxiety is reduced, which is conducive to believing in their own ability and play. Parental autonomy support not only directly affects the test anxiety of junior high school students, but also indirectly affects the test anxiety through self-confidence.