布伦塔诺论善

Brentano on Good

摘要: 作为现代价值哲学的重要奠基者，布伦塔诺对善有着深刻而独到的见解。在布伦塔诺看来，西方哲学近代以来对善的讨论含混不清，其原因在于人们未能正确区分物理现象与心理现象以及过分地注重古希腊哲学的“逻各斯”传统而忽视了其“奴斯”传统。布伦塔诺发挥了古希腊奴斯传统的一面并借助其描述心理学的方法而明确指出，善是“爱的情感与正确性相关联”，人们透过心理现象的自明性而非借助于逻辑推演就认识到善。善应当成为人类生活的精神指导，否则人类发展不会真正兴盛。

Abstract: As an important founder of modern value philosophy, Brentano has a profound and original view of good. In Brentano’s view, the reason why the discussion of good in modern Western philosophy is ambiguous is that people fail to correctly distinguish physical phenomenon from mental phenomenon and pay too much attention to the “Logos” tradition of ancient Greek philosophy while ignoring its “Nous” tradition. Brentano played the “Nous” tradition of ancient Greek philosophy, and with the help of his method of describing psychology, he clearly pointed out that good is “the relationship between the emotion of love and correctness”, and people recognize good through the self-revelation of psychological phenomena rather than by means of logical deduction. Good should become the spiritual guide of human life, otherwise human development will not truly flourish.