马克思异化劳动理论的历史演变过程

The Historical Evolution of Marx’s Theory of Alienated Labor

摘要: 本文从三个大的方面来论述马克思异化劳动理论的历史演变过程。第一大部分主要是从自我意识到人的实践和从绝对观念的运动史到物质生活的生活史以及从绝对精神的封闭思辨到辩证发展的开放实践来阐述马克思对黑格尔辩证法思想的批判性吸收。第二大部分主要是从异化的角度解读宗教和人的本质以及对费尔巴哈异化思想的继承与发展来具体论述马克思对费尔巴哈人本主义的批判性继承。第三部分通过大量实证具体阐述了人作为具体的、现实的人与劳动产品、与劳动活动、与人的类本质以及与人之间相互关系的全面异化，马克思的异化劳动理论对后世学者研究社会现象具有重要意义。

Abstract: This paper discusses the historical evolution of Marx’s theory of alienated labor from three aspects. The first part mainly expounds Marx’s critical absorption of Hegel’s dialectic thought from self-consciousness to human practice, from the movement history of absolute concept to the life history of material life, and from the closed speculation of absolute spirit to the open practice of dialectical development. The second part mainly discusses Marx’s critical inheritance of Feuerbach’s humanism from the alienation of religion and human nature as well as the inheritance and development of Feuerbach’s alienation thought. The third part is mainly from the alienation of workers and labor products, the alienation of workers and labor activities, the alienation of workers and their own nature and the alienation of relations between people, forming Marx’s theory of alienated labor.