妊娠期糖尿病胎盘与葡萄糖转运蛋白的研究综述

A Review of Research on Placenta and Glucose Transporter in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

摘要: 妊娠期糖尿病是一种妊娠期特有的糖代谢紊乱疾病。如果不进行干涉，将会导致严重的母儿并发症。目前，部分研究表明，胎盘作为妊娠期母儿营养物质交换的介质，与多种妊娠期糖尿病母儿并发症存在重要相关性。特别是胎盘葡萄糖的转运，其可能与巨大儿、胎儿生长受限的发生密切相关。在妊娠期间，葡萄糖的转运主要由一组葡萄糖转运蛋白介导，这些转运体在不同位置的表达是葡萄糖从母体到胎儿转运的前提。妊娠期糖尿病胎盘中葡萄糖转运蛋白的表达发生一定变化，可能影响胎儿葡萄糖的供应，从而导致相关并发症的发生。本文对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中常见的葡萄糖转运蛋白表达分布变化进行了相关概述，以期提供妊娠期糖尿病对母儿影响的机制探讨依据，协助未来的临床诊疗。

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a pregnancy-specific disorder of glucose metabolism. Failure to in-tervene can lead to serious maternal and fetal complications. At present, some studies have shown that the placenta, as a medium for the exchange of nutrients between mother and child during pregnancy, has an important relationship with a variety of maternal and child complications of ges-tational diabetes mellitus. Especially placental glucose transport, which may be closely related to macrosomia and fetal growth restriction. During pregnancy, the transport of glucose is mainly me-diated by a group of glucose transporters, and the expression of these transporters at different lo-cations is a prerequisite for the transport of glucose from the mother to the fetus. The expression of glucose transporters in the placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus changes to some extent, which may affect the supply of fetal glucose and lead to the occurrence of related complications. This arti-cle summarizes the common changes in the expression and distribution of glucose transporters in the placenta of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in order to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus affecting mother and child, and to assist future clinical diagnosis and treatment.