基于马克思主义“异化”视角的卢卡奇物化思想研究

A Study of Lukacs’ Materialization Thought Based on the Perspective of Marxist Alienation

摘要: 国外马克思主义者对马克思主义理论的相关内容进行研究，并且提出了部分具备价值的观点与看法。卢卡奇作为西方马克思主义的研究者，在对马克思主义的异化思想进行探索后，得到“物化”思想的结论，即物与人在资本主义社会中的关系开始畸变，颠倒了物品与人的地位，使得物的生产性在社会上占据主流地位，人的生活与发展需要慢慢被淡化，从而对人的思维意识也产生了既定影响。马克思的“异化”思想包涵了卢卡奇的“物化”思想，在卢卡奇的基础之上展开了物与人相背离的趋势探讨，更加完整而全面地分析了资本主义社会当中对物质逐利性的负面现象。从马克思的“异化”角度可以对卢卡奇的“物化”思想进行比较性的分析，辩证地看待两者存在的贡献与不足。

Abstract: Foreign Marxists study the relevant content of Marxist theory, and put forward some valuable views and opinions. After the exploration of the thought of Marxism’s idea of alienation, Lukacs as a researcher of Western Marxism gets the conclusion of “materialized”. That means the relation between objects and people in the capitalist society began to change, which reverses the position of objects and people and makes the material productive to occupy the mainstream position in society. In the end, people’s life and development need to slowly fade. Thus, it also has an established influence on people’s thinking consciousness. Marx’s thought of “alienation” includes Lukacs’s thought of “materialization”, and on the basis of Lukacs, he explores the trend of the divergence between things and people, and makes a more complete and comprehensive analysis of the negative phenomenon of materialism in capitalist society. From the angle of Marx’s “alienation”, we can make a comparative analysis of Lukacs’s material thought, and dialectically treat their contribution and deficiency.