楚雄州青蚕豆种植的气候及变化特征分析

Analysis of Climate and Change Characteristics of Green Broad Bean Cultivation in Chuxiong Prefecture

摘要: 青蚕豆是以采收鲜荚为目的蚕豆的统称。近年楚雄州农科院育成的粮菜兼用型蚕豆品种彝豆3号，在秋种冬末菜荚销售中，增效显著，占楚雄州青蚕豆种植面积的60%。为充分利用当地独特的气候资源，科学种植、降低气候风险，本文用气候倾向分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、小波周期分析和资料对比法分析了楚雄州早种植主生育期气温、降水、日照，≥10℃积温、产量形成关键期气温、降水和低温时段气温的变化特征。结果表明，主生育期气时段平均温呈0.2℃/10a显著上升趋势变化(P < 0.01)，2005年、2007年发生突变，存在45a左右主周期、6~8a次周期变化；积温呈0.81℃/10a显著上升趋势变化，2008年发生突变；降水量呈−3.683 mm/10a不显著(P > 0.1)减少趋势变化，突变多发生在1960~1970年代和2021年，存在6~8a左右主周期、28a次周期变化；日照时数呈−6.116 h/10a不显著(P > 0.1)减少趋势变化，突变多发生在1980年代中期之前。产质量形成关键生育期时段平均气温呈0.209℃/10a显著上升趋势变化(P < 0.01)，2008年、2010年发生突变；时段降水量呈0.661 mm/10a不显著(P > 0.1)微增加趋势变化，突变与主生育同步发生，存在4a左右的主周期、11~12a的次周期变化。最冷时段平均气温呈0.38℃/10a显著上升趋势变化(P < 0.01)；平均最低气温呈0.65℃/10a呈显著上升趋势变化(P < 0.01)。

Abstract: Green broad bean is a general term for broad bean for the purpose of harvesting fresh pods. n recent years, Yidou No. 3, a variety of both grain and vegetable broad bean developed by Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has significantly increased its efficiency in the sales of vegetable pods at the end of autumn and winter, accounting for 60% of the planting area of green broad bean in Chuxiong Prefecture. In order to make full use of local unique climate resources, scientific planting and climate risk reduction, In this paper, With climate tendency analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test, wavelet cycle analysis and data comparison methods to analyze the changes of tempera-ture, precipitation, sunshine, temperature ≥10˚C accumulated temperature, key period of yield formation, temperature, precipitation and temperature in low temperature period. The results show that the average gas temperature in the main growth stage showed a significant upward trend of 0.2˚C/10A (P < 0.01), with a sudden change in 2005 and 2007. Here are about 45a main cycle and 6~8a cycle changes. The accumulated temperature showed a significant upward trend of 0.81˚C/10A, with a sudden change in 2008; Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend of −3.683 mm/10a (P > 0.1), and the mutation occurred mostly in 1960~1970s and 2021, There are about 6~8A main cycle and 28a cycle changes; The sunshine duration showed an insignificant decreasing trend of −6.116 h/ 10A (P > 0.1), and the mutation occurred mostly before the mid-1980s. The average temperature during the key growth period of yield and quality formation showed a significant upward trend of 0.209˚C/10A (P < 0.01), and the mutation occurred in 2008 and 2010, The precipitation in the period was 0.661 mm/10a (P > 0.1), and the mutation occurred simultaneously with the main fertility, There is a main cycle of about 4a and a subcycle of 11~12a; The average temperature in the coldest period showed a significant upward trend of 0.38˚C/10A (P < 0.01), The average minimum temperature was 0.65˚C/10A and showed a significant upward trend (P < 0.01).