洛克宗教宽容思想的解读及其当代价值

The Interpretation of Locke’s Thought of Religious Tolerance and Its Contemporary Value

摘要: 洛克是17世纪英国著名的唯物主义哲学家，是自然神论的奠基人之一，他于1685~1704年间写给好友菲力·范·林堡格的关于基督教世界的宗教宽容问题的四封书信，即后来的《论宗教宽容》一书，当时在荷兰以匿名的形式发表，却在欧洲政教世界引起了强烈的反响，具有重要的进步意义，是欧洲社会处理政教问题的理论和思想指南，对于我们把握17世纪欧洲政教关系、信仰自由和社会契约等自由主义基本问题有着不可或缺的重要意义。时至今日，洛克的宗教宽容思想蕴含的哲学内涵对我们建构新型政教关系，制定社会宗教政策，缓和政教矛盾，解决宗教冲突依然有很深的现实意义和当代价值，值得我们认真思考和仔细解读。

Abstract: Locke was a famous British materialist philosopher in the 17th century and one of the founders of Deism. He wrote to his friend Philip van Limburg about religious tolerance in Christendom from 1685 to 1704. His four letters, the later book “On Religious Tolerance”, were published anonymously in the Netherlands at that time, but it aroused strong repercussions in the European political and religious world, which has important progressive significance. It is a theory for European society to deal with political and religious issues. It is of indispensable significance for us to grasp the basic issues of liberalism, such as the relationship between state and religion, freedom of belief and social contract in 17th century Europe. To this day, the philosophical connotation contained in Locke’s thought of religious tolerance still has profound practical significance and contemporary value for us to construct a new type of political-religious relationship, formulate social and religious policies, ease political-religious conflicts, and resolve religious conflicts. It is worthy of our serious consideration and careful interpretation.