探析《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的技术思想及其对数字技术发展的启示

An Analysis of the Technological Thought in the “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844” and Its Enlightenment to Digitalization

摘要: 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思技术思想的发源地。在《手稿》中，马克思以国民经济学的语言对私有财产运动的全过程进行了剖析，揭示了技术在这一运动中的参与，推动着工人的贫困、资本家的竞争与土地所有者的消亡。进而在哲学维度上提出技术是迄今为止全部人的活动的技术实践观。技术活动作为一种人的实践活动与人的本质紧密联系在一起。异化劳动理论中包含着对于技术异化本身的批判。对于异化问题的解决，马克思认为技术进步在创造物的丰富与人的丰富两个层面上有利于推动人的解放。如今，数字技术的高速发展正在推动人类社会进入数字化时代，马克思的技术思想能够帮助我们厘清数字技术与人的本质的关系问题，警惕数字技术异化及潜在风险，引领数字技术推动人类解放。

Abstract: Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 is the birthplace of Marx’s technological thought. In the manuscript, Marx analyzed the whole process of the private property movement in the language of national economics, revealing that the participation of technology in this movement promoted the poverty of workers, the competition of capitalists and the disappearance of landowners. Furthermore, he puts forward the view that technology is the activity of all human beings in the philosophical dimension. As a kind of human practice, technological activities are closely linked with human nature. The theory of alienated labor contains the criticism of technology alienation itself. As for the solution of alienation, Marx believes that technological progress is conducive to the liberation of human beings in two aspects: the enrichment of creation and the enrichment of human beings. Nowadays, the rapid development of digital technology is pushing human society into the digital era. Marx’s technical thought can help us realize the relationship between digital technology and human nature, analyze the alienation and potential risks of digital technology, and lead digital technology to promote human liberation.