黑格尔法哲学体系中的贱民问题研究——摆脱依赖性与贫困

A Study of Untouchability in the Hegelian System of Legal Philosophy—Freedom from Dependency and Poverty

摘要: 黑格尔是最先意识到贫困问题的哲学家之一，贫困问题也成为了他的法哲学体系中的一个重大难题。在市民社会的现代背景下，贫困产生的贱民问题，是他唯一一处提出了问题但悬而未决的地方，并且这个问题对黑格尔构建的现代伦理生活原则构成了重大威胁。黑格尔在探寻使贱民摆脱依赖性与贫困的方案中，依托于国家理论，但是这个方案并未真正在现实层面上解决贱民问题。但是他对贱民问题的提出和分析，深刻地理解了现代工业社会的困境和19世纪欧洲历史的未来历程，并且开启了现代政治哲学的研究转向。

Abstract: Hegel was one of the first philosophers to become aware of the problem of poverty, and it became a major problem in his system of legal philosophy. In the modern context of civil society, the problem of untouchability, which arises from poverty, is the only place where he raises the problem but leaves it unresolved, and where it poses a major threat to the modern principles of ethical life that Hegel constructs. In his search for a solution to free the untouchables from dependency and pov-erty, Hegel relies on the theory of the state, but this solution does not really address the untoucha-bility problem on a practical level. But his presentation and analysis of the problem of the un-touchability provide a profound understanding of the dilemmas of modern industrial society and the future course of nineteenth-century European history, and initiates a turn in the study of mod-ern political philosophy.