社会组织提起海洋环境民事公益诉讼主体资格的解释论研究

Explanatory Study on the Qualification of Subjects of Marine Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Filed by Social Organizations

摘要: 社会组织是否有权提起海洋环境民事公益诉讼，早已成为我国海洋环境法治领域的一大难题，这既关系到我国《海洋环境保护法》、《环境保护法》及《民事诉讼法》之间如何协调适用，更关乎我国岌岌可危的海洋生态环境及逐年递减的自然资源占有总量。本文以司法实践引发的法律争议为起点，通过对《海洋环境保护法》、《环境保护法》及《民事诉讼法》中相关法律条文进行文义解释，从环境保护法律制度的视角进行体系解释，运用环境风险社会理论进行社会学解释，从而论证将社会组织纳入海洋环境民事公益诉讼的正当性，以此推动我国海洋环境民事公益诉讼制度的发展。

Abstract: Whether social organizations have the right to bring civil public interest litigation in the marine environment has long been a major problem in China’s marine environment rule of law, which is related to the coordinated application of China’s Marine Environmental Protection Law, Environmental Protection Law and Civil Procedure Law, as well as to China’s precarious marine ecological environment and the total amount of natural resources possession decreasing year by year. This paper takes the legal controversies arising from judicial practice as the starting point, through interpreting the relevant legal provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law, the Environmental Protection Law and the Civil Procedure Law, interpreting the system from the perspective of the legal system of environmental protection, and applying the social theory of environmental risk to make a sociological interpretation, so as to justify the inclusion of social organizations in the marine environmental civil public interest litigation, and thus promote the development of the marine environmental civil public interest litigation system in China.