肠道菌群在代谢、免疫疾病中作用的研究进展

Research Progress of Gut Microbiota’s Function in Metabolic and Immunological Diseases

摘要: 肠道菌群除了参与机体的消化和营养物质吸收外，还在代谢、免疫调节等过程中发挥重要生理功能。在多种相关疾病患者体内，肠道菌群组成和含量发生显著改变。肠道菌群可以影响宿主的代谢过程，并参与包括肥胖症、二型糖尿病在内的多种代谢疾病。肠道菌群可以通过其代谢产物影响宿主的免疫反应和炎症反应，并参与炎症性肠炎和系统性红斑狼疮等病的发病过程。粪菌移植为多种代谢、免疫疾病提供新的治疗方案，多项粪菌移植的临床试验显示出良好治疗效果，但尚存在争议，需要进一步验证和完善。

Abstract: Besides functions in digestion and nutrient absorption, microbiota also plays an important role in metabolism and immunological regulation. In many related diseases, there is significant alteration of microbiota in patients compared to healthy controls. Microbiota can affect host metabolism, tak-ing part in pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases including obesity and Type II diabetes. Microbiota can exert immunity and inflammation regulation functions through their metabolites, and participate in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research on Gut-Brain-Axis has discovered microbiota’s function in brain development and cognitive behaviors. Psychobiotics has shown positive effects on mental health. Fecal microbiota transplanta-tion has provided new treatment schemes for many metabolic, immunological and neurological disorders. Many clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promising results for disease management, but are still under debate and need more rigorous testing.