基于UAV航测的浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育规律研究——以串草圪旦煤矿为例

Research on Surface Crack Development Law of Shallow Coal Seam Mining Based on UAV Aerial Survey Technology—Taking Chuancaogedan Coal Mine as an Example

摘要: 以串草圪旦煤矿6105工作面为研究对象，利用UAV (无人机)航测技术，对准格尔旗产生的裂缝发育规律进行了研究。1) 浅部煤层井下开采致使地表破坏，且多以地表裂隙形态为表现形式。2) 沿单个工作面方向，裂缝间距呈平行弧状，间隔距离为5~20 m，裂缝在地表破坏严重区形成下错，错台高度约为15~130 cm。拉张破坏严重区域内形成裂缝槽，槽宽约2~10 m。该组裂隙呈“C”型，裂缝两侧与工作面推进方向呈3˚~5˚的夹角。3) 沿单个工作面倾角平行的沟槽中形成线性裂缝，该组裂缝较长，在顺槽至外围一定范围内发育。4) 以最外围首次出现地裂缝为边界，对裂缝影响角反演，测得影响角59.5˚~61.6˚、48.6˚。研究结果有助于对准格尔地区浅埋煤层地表裂隙的理论认识，为矿区地表塌陷预测与防治及生态修复提供了依据。

Abstract: Taking the 6105 working face of Chuancaogedan coal mine as the research object, the development law of cracks produced by Zhungeer Banner was studied by using UAV aerial survey technology. 1) Underground mining of shallow coal seam causes surface damage, which is mainly manifested in the form of surface cracks. 2) Along the direction of a single working face, the crack spacing is parallel arc shape, the interval distance is 5~20 m, and the fracture is formed in the serious surface damage area, and the height of the wrong platform is about 15~130 cm. Fracture grooves are formed in the area of serious tensile failure, and the width of the grooves is about 2~10 m. The fractures in this group are of “C” shape, and the Angle between the two sides of the fractures and the advancing direction of the working face is 3˚~5˚. 3) Linear fractures are formed in the grooves parallel to the dip Angle of a single working face. This group of fractures is long and develops in a certain range from the grooves to the periphery. 4) Taking the outermost ground fracture as the boundary, the influence Angle of the fracture is inverted, and the influence Angle is 59.5˚~61.6˚ and 48.6˚. The research results are helpful to the theoretical understanding of surface fissures of shallow coal seam in Zhungeer area, and provide the basis for the prediction, prevention and ecological restoration of surface collapse in mining area.