我国健康水平的地区分布差异及其变化分析

Analysis on Spatial Differences and Changes of Health Level in China

摘要: 目的：探究我国健康水平的空间差异及其变化，为我国健康资源精准优化空间配置，提升健康水平，提供对策建议。方法：综合利用2001、2006、2011和2016年中国统计年鉴31个省市2108个样本数据，运用基尼系数、泰尔指数、莫兰指数等，分析我国健康水平的分布差异及变化特征。结果：首先，全局Moran’s I值均大于0，且Z值和P值都通过检验，我国健康水平存在空间集聚现象。其次，三区域分析发现，东部地区从2001年3.66增加到2016的3.75左右。中部地区从2001年0.44左右增加到2016的0.49。西部地区健康水平得分总体都低于平均值。八区域分析北部沿海综合经济区排在第一，综合得分达到1.8471。最后，近年来健康水平的基尼系数缩减至0.4，省际差异较大的情况也在改善。在三区域和八区域分组下，各地区间的差异对总体差异的贡献率均占有了最大份额且均达到了30%以上。结论：我国各省份健康水平呈现空间集聚的特征，且省际差异较大，但总体差异呈现下降趋势；地区差异来看，东部地区健康水平分布差异较大，中西部地区差异正常，三区域差异都呈现下降趋势。在八区域分组规则下，东部、北部沿海和黄河中游综合经济区健康水平分布差异较大，其他地区分布则相对平衡。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the spatial differences and changes in my country’s health level, to accurately optimize the spatial allocation of health resources in my country, to improve health, and to provide countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: Comprehensive use of 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 China Statistical Yearbook 31 provinces and municipalities 2108 sample data, using Gini coefficient, Theil index, Moran index, etc., to analyze the distribution differences and change characteristics of my country’s health level. Results: First, the global Moran’s I value is greater than 0, and both the Z value and P value pass the test. There is a spatial clustering phenomenon in my country’s health level. Second, the analysis of the three regions found that the eastern region increased from 3.66 in 2001 to about 3.75 in 2016. The central region increased from about 0.44 in 2001 to 0.49 in 2016. The overall health level scores in the western region are lower than the average. Eight regional analysis The northern coastal comprehensive economic zone ranked first, with a comprehensive score of 1.8471. Finally, in recent years, the Gini coefficient of health level has shrunk to 0.4, and the situation of large inter-provincial differences is also improving. Under the three-region and eight-region groupings, the differences between regions accounted for the largest share of the over-all difference and reached more than 30%. Conclusion: The health level of my country’s provinces presents the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, and the differences between provinces are large, but the overall difference shows a downward trend. In terms of regional differences, the dis-tribution of health levels in the eastern region is quite different, and the difference in the central and western regions is normal. The three regional differences both show a downward trend. Under the eight-region grouping rule, the distribution of health levels in the eastern, northern coastal and middle reaches of the Yellow River is quite different, while the distribution in other regions is rela-tively balanced.