城乡居民基本养老保险对农村家庭消费结构的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Basic Endowment Insurance of Urban and Rural Residents on the Consumption Structure of Rural Households

摘要: 据国家统计局数据显示，2021年我国最终消费支出占GDP的比重占比为53.3%，2020年为55%，受新冠疫情与国内外环境等影响，消费对我国经济的促进作用不增反降。随着疫情得到有效控制，消费也在逐渐恢复，经济发展稳步回升，消费依然在经济稳定运行中起压舱石作用。城乡居民保的目标定位之一是扩大内需，尤其是释放农村地区消费能力，本文利用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)，根据2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据，实证得出结果，城乡居民基本养老保险的实施效果良好，显著促进了农村家庭消费，且增加了农村家庭在发展型消费和享受型消费方面的支出，一定程度上降低了生存型消费，有效优化了消费结构。基于研究结果给出以下建议：第一，提高农村居民收入，增强农村居民消费能力；第二，加强城乡居民保宣传，鼓励农村居民消费；第三，完善城乡居民保政策，提高保障水平。

Abstract: According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, China’s final consumption expenditure accounted for 53.3% of GDP in 2021 and 55% in 2020, and due to the impact of the new crown epidemic and the domestic and foreign environment, the role of consumption in promoting China’s economy did not increase but declined. With the effective control of the epidemic, consump-tion is gradually recovering, economic development has steadily rebounded, and consumption still plays a ballast role in the stable operation of the economy. One of the target positioning of Basic Endowment Insurance of Urban and Rural Residents is to expand domestic demand, especially to release the consumption capacity of rural areas, this paper uses the tendency score matching method (PSM), according to the 2020 China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) data, empirical results are obtained, the implementation of Basic Endowment Insurance of Urban and Rural Residents is good, which significantly promotes rural household consumption, and increases the expenditure of rural families in development consumption and enjoyment consumption, to a certain extent, reduces survival consumption, and effectively optimizes the consump-tion structure. Based on the research results, the following suggestions are given: First, increase the income of rural residents and enhance the consumption capacity of rural residents; Second, strengthen the publicity of urban and rural residents’ insurance and encourage rural residents to consume; Third, improve the insurance policy for urban and rural residents and improve the level of guarantee.