论民事司法鉴定中法官职责

On the Duties of Judges in Civil Forensic Appraisals

摘要: 司法鉴定程序得出的鉴定意见会对裁判结果产生直接影响。法官最终决定鉴定程序的启动并对鉴定意见的证据能力和证明力进行审查，确定是否以及何种程度上将其作为定案根据。在鉴定启动程序中，法官应保障当事人的鉴定启动权，并通过释明的方式帮助当事人正确启动鉴定程序，在依职权启动鉴定程序时可以考虑保护弱势方利益之目的。鉴定程序结束后，法官应对鉴定意见进行实质性审查，通过当事人对鉴定意见的异议以及质证明确鉴定争议焦点，并审慎启动重新鉴定程序。

Abstract: The appraisal opinions obtained by the forensic evaluation procedure will have a direct impact on the results of the adjudication. The judge ultimately decides on the initiation of the appraisal pro-cedure and examines the evidentiary capacity and probative power of the appraisal opinion to de-termine whether and to what extent it is used as the basis for the determination. In the appraisal initiation procedure, the judge shall safeguard the parties’ right to initiate the appraisal, and help the parties to correctly initiate the appraisal procedure through the means of explanation, and may consider the purpose of protecting the interests of the weak party when initiating the appraisal procedure ex officio. After the appraisal procedure is completed, the judge shall conduct a substan-tive review of the appraisal opinion, clarify the focus of the appraisal dispute through the parties’ objections to the appraisal opinion and cross-examination of evidence, and prudently initiate the re-appraisal procedure.