蒙药阿荣及替代品的挥发性成分比较研究

Comparative Study on Volatile Components of Mongolian Medicine Arong and Its Substitutes

摘要: 目的：通过GC-MS分析比较蒙药阿荣及替代品药材的挥发油成分。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取阿荣(茵陈蒿、滨蒿)及替代品(火绒草)的挥发油，应用GC-MS分析鉴定三种药材主要挥发性成分。气相色谱条件：HP-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm)型弹性石英毛细管柱，载气：He气，载气流量为1.0 min/mL，进样口温度250℃，进样量：1 mL，分流比50:1，程序升温：起始温度50℃ (5℃/min) → 140℃ (8℃/min) → 200℃ (10℃/min) → 260℃。质谱条件：电子源：EI源，离子源温度：250℃，接口温度：270℃，四级杆温度：150℃，扫描范围：50~400 amu，溶剂延迟：3 min。选择三种药材含量大于1%的主要成分，并进行对比分析，比较其化学成分组成及相对含量。结果：茵陈蒿百分含量大于1%的成分23个，占挥发油总量的75.83%。滨蒿百分含量大于1%的成分19个，占挥发油总量的76.73%。火绒草百分含量大于1%的成分16个，占挥发油总量的77.07%。三个药材保留时间、成分一致的有7个化合物。结论：蒙药阿荣及其替代品药材相同的挥发性成分相对较少，能否完全替代使用还需要进一步实验研究。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze and compare the volatile oil components of Mongolian medicine Arong and its substitutes by GC-MS. Methods: The volatile oils of Arong (Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia scoparia) and its substitute (Leontopodium leontopodioides) were extracted by steam distillation, and the main volatile components of the three medicinal materials were identified by GC-MS analysis. Gas chromatography conditions: HP-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm) elastic quartz capillary column, carrier gas: He gas, carrier gas flow rate 1.0 min/mL, injection port temperature 250˚C, injection volume: 1 mL, Split ratio 50:1, temperature program: (initial temperature 50˚C (5˚C/min) → 140˚C (8˚C/min) → 200˚C (10˚C/min) → 260˚C. Mass spectrometry conditions: Electron source: EI source, ion source temperature: 250˚C, interface temperature: 270˚C, quadrupole temperature: 150˚C, scan range: 50~400 amu, solvent delay: 3 min. The main components of the three medicinal materials with a content of more than 1% were selected, and a comparative analysis was carried out to compare their chemical composition and relative content. Results: There were 23 components in Artemisia capillaris with a percentage of more than 1%, accounting for 75.83% of the total volatile oil. There are 19 components in Artemisia scoparia with a percentage of more than 1%, accounting for 76.73% of the total volatile oil. There are 16 components of Leontopodium leontopodioides with a percentage content of more than 1%, accounting for 77.07% of the total volatile oil. There are 7 compounds with the same retention time and composition of the three medicinal materials. Conclusion: The same volatile components of Mongolian medicine Arong and its substitutes are relatively few, and whether they can be completely replaced needs further experimental research.