交通网络对生态空间质量影响机制研究——以常德市为例

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Transportation Network on Ecological Space Quality—Taking Changde City as an Example

摘要: 本文以常德市为研究区域，以区域路网数据和土地利用数据为基础，利用ArcGIS、Fragstats等软件，分析了常德市2010~2020年交通网络对于生态空间的影响机制。研究结果表明：1) 交通网络通过带动建设用地的扩张从而占用生态空间，高等级道路对经济社会的辐射带动作用较强，推动了周边地区土地利用向建设用地的转变，进而占用生态空间；低等级道路因直接关系到区域经济与建设活动，相较于高等级道路会更为直接地影响周边土地利用，对建设用地的推进作用也较为明显；2) 区域路网对整体生态景观具有割裂作用，使得生态斑块分裂为数量众多的小斑块，降低景观连通性、降低生态空间整体功能；道路影响域范围内生态景观同样趋于零散和破碎，并且随着道路等级的下降，周边土地利用更为直接地受到经济和建设活动的影响，对生态用地产生的冲击逐步增大，破坏原有生态景观的完整性，造成斑块复杂与不规则；3) 高速公路影响域内遥感生态指数最高，国道、省道和县道次之，县级以下道路周边的生态功能为所有道路中最低。

Abstract: This paper takes Changde city as the research area, based on regional road network data and land use data, and uses ArcGIS and Fragstats software to analyze the influence mechanism of the transportation network on ecological space in Changde city from 2010 to 2020. The results of the study show that: 1) the transportation network occupies ecological space by driving the expansion of construction land, and high-grade roads have a stronger radiation-driving effect on the economy and society, promoting the transformation of land use to construction land in the surrounding areas, which in turn occupies ecological space; low-grade roads because they are directly related to regional economic and construction activities, affect the surrounding land use more directly than high-grade roads, and have a more obvious role in promoting construction land; 2) the regional road network has a fragmentation effect on the overall ecological landscape, making ecological patches split into a large number of small patches, reducing landscape connectivity, and reducing the overall function of ecological space; the ecological landscape within the influence area of the road also tends to be fragmented and broken, and with the decline in road level, the surrounding land use is more directly affected by economic and construction activities, and the impact on ecological land use gradually increases, destroying the integrity of the original ecological landscape, resulting in complex and irregular patches; 3) the highest remote sensing ecological index in the influence area of highways, followed by national roads, provincial roads and county roads, and the ecological function around roads below the county level is the lowest among all roads.