血压对阿尔茨海默病生理机制的影响研究

Study on the Effect of Blood Pressure on the Physiological Mechanism of Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要: 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)是最常见的散发性神经退行性疾病，其特点为记忆力减退，并迅速发展为人格改变和语言问题等症状，导致丧失进行日常活动的能力，最终致使个体死亡。尽管在了解疾病过程方面取得了重大进展，但确切的病理生理机制仍然难以捉摸。在治疗方面并没有存在能与之直接对应关系的药物且临床效果不显著，因此开展非药物干预措施来改善认知功能以及延缓AD的进程至关重要，同时做到AD的早发现早诊断早治疗。AD的发病机制是淀粉样蛋白β肽(amyloid-protein β, Aβ)的细胞外斑块沉积过多，微管相关蛋白tau以细丝形式在神经元内聚集，神经炎症的诱发和自身抗体侵入脑组织等，这些异常的生理现象均有使认知功能和记忆功能下降。根据目前相关权威的研究表明，血压的异常是AD常见的可预防危险因素之一，保持血压在正常区间内动态平衡与AD发生风险的降低存在一定的关系。研究表明通过控制血压动态平衡可以清除血压造成的神经炎症、减少脑血管意外和高血压的发生率、控制舒张压和收缩压的水平以及保护血脑屏障，这些方面在预防和改善认知功能上具有非常重要的作用。因此，控制血压动态平衡被认为是临床前、中和后期对AD的治疗与预防措施，定期进行血压检测具有一定程度的推广意义。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common sporadic neurodegenerative disease. It is character-ized by memory loss and rapidly develops into personality changes, language problems and other symptoms, resulting in the loss of the ability to carry out daily activities and ultimately individual death. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the disease process, the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains elusive. In terms of treatment, there is no drug that can di-rectly correspond to it and the clinical effect is not significant. Therefore, it is essential to carry out non-drug interventions to improve cognitive function and delay the process of AD, and at the same time, it is important to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of AD. The pathogenesis of AD is amyloid protein β (Aβ). Excessive extracellular plaque deposition, microtu-bule associated protein tau aggregation in the form of filaments in neurons, the induction of neu-roinflammation and the invasion of autoantibodies into brain tissue, etc., these abnormal physio-logical phenomena have reduced cognitive and memory functions. According to the current re-search of relevant authorities, abnormal blood pressure is one of the common preventable risk fac-tors of AD, and there is a certain relationship between maintaining the dynamic balance of blood pressure within the normal range and reducing the risk of AD. Research shows that controlling the dynamic balance of blood pressure can clear the neuroinflammation caused by blood pressure, re-duce the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents and hypertension, control the levels of diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and protect the blood brain barrier, which play a very important role in preventing and improving cognitive function. Therefore, controlling the dynamic balance of blood pressure is considered as a treatment and prevention measure for AD before, during and after clin-ical treatment. Regular blood pressure monitoring has a certain degree of promotion significance.