催收非法债务罪的教义学分析

A Dogmatic Analysis of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts

摘要: 《刑法修正案(十一)》新增催收非法债务罪以回应社会关切，其保护的法益具有双重性，包括社会法益和个人法益。非法债务中的高利贷应定义为年利率超过36%的债务。对于“情节严重”的相关认定标准，不宜过于严苛，无需达到侵犯人身权利犯罪的入罪标准。在主观上，该罪行为人只能是为了催收高利放贷等产生的非法债务，而不能具有非法占有的目的。同时，催收非法债务罪与寻衅滋事罪、非法拘禁罪是并列的关系，不存在竞合的可能。

Abstract: The Criminal Law Amendment (11) adds the crime of collecting illegal debts to respond to social concerns, and the legal interests it protects are dual, including social legal interests and personal legal interests. Usury in illegal debt should be defined as debt with an annual interest rate of more than 36%. The relevant determina-tion standards for “serious circumstances” should not be too strict, and there is no need to meet the criminalization standards for crimes of violating personal rights. Subjectively, the crime can only be for the purpose of collecting illegal debts generated by usury lending, etc., and cannot have the purpose of illegal possession. At the same time, the crime of collecting illegal debts, the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble, and the crime of illegal detention are in a parallel rela-tionship, and there is no possibility of co-existence.