幼儿亲社会行为的影响因素研究

A Study on the Influencing Factors of Preschool Children’s Prosocial Behavior

摘要: 培养幼儿的亲社会行为不仅有助于幼儿道德品质、社会行为的良好发展，而且有利于促进幼儿的健康成长。以往研究表明，家庭环境对幼儿的社会发展具有重要影响，本研究从父母教养的角度出发，探讨父母情感温暖与幼儿亲社会行为的关系。采用问卷调查法，以班级为单位选取广州市公办幼儿园111名幼儿进行调查，分别完成人口学变量信息、父母情感温暖量表和亲社会行为量表。结果发现：1) 在对陌生人、朋友、家人亲社会以及总亲社会水平上，不同年龄段幼儿的亲社会水平存在显著差异。2) 不同班级组织形式下幼儿的亲社会水平也存在显著性差异。3) 皮尔逊相关分析显示，父母情感温暖与对陌生人、对朋友、对家人以及总体亲社会水平呈显著正相关。研究结果对于提高幼儿的亲社会行为具有重要的教育启示。

Abstract: Cultivating the prosocial behavior of preschool children not only contributes to the good development of moral character and social behavior, but also facilitates the healthy growth of preschool children. Previous studies have shown that family environment has an important impact on children’s social development. This study explores the relationship between parental warmth and prosocial behavior from the perspective of parenting. A total of 111 preschool children from Guangzhou public kindergartens were selected to completed the survey of demographic variables, Parental Warmth Scale and Prosocial Behavior Scale, respectively. The results show that: 1) there are significant differences in prosocial behaviors among preschool children of different ages in the level of prosociality towards strangers, friends, family and total prosociality. 2) There are significant differences in the prosocial level of preschool children under different class organization forms. 3) Pear-son correlation analysis showed that parental warmth was positively correlated with the level of strangers, friends, family and overall prosocial status. The results have important educational implications for improving prosocial behavior of preschool children.