单独同意的法教义学分析

Legal Doctrinal Analysis of Separate Consent

摘要: 在颁布施行的《个人信息保护法》中提出了“单独同意”(separate consent)的概念，而在GDPR等外国的法律法规中并没有这一概念，由于这是一个全新的概念，所以“单独同意”在实践中如何落地、如何解释都存在相当的不确定性，国内也缺少相关的判例，学术界也鲜有权威性的观点，因此，本文拟从法教义学的角度，从分析单独同意的概念及其目的入手，明晰单独同意的基本法律性质。在此基础之上，确定在实践中哪些形式可以被认定为单独同意。最后基于《个人信息保护法》有关单独同意的规定，分析其在《个人信息保护法》体系下的适用规则，根据个保法规定，单独同意在五种具体情形下适用，但其是否存在例外？针对《个人信息保护法》14条中规定的例外，单独同意是否也可以适用？实务与学术上均有争议，肯定者主要基于的是同意概念在逻辑上可以囊括单独同意；否定者则是从《个人信息法》草案与正式规定的差异中提出质疑。

Abstract: The concept of “separate consent” was introduced in the enacted Personal Information Protection Law, but there is no such concept in foreign laws and regulations such as the GDPR, and since this is a brand new concept, there is considerable uncertainty about how to implement and interpret “separate consent” in practice. Therefore, this paper intends to make a conceptual dissection of separate consent from the perspective of legal doctrine, starting from the concept of consent, and clarify its definition of quasi-legal acts. Based on this, we will analyze the rules of application under the Personal Information Protection Law based on the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law regarding separate consent. On this basis, we determine which forms can be identified as separate consent in practice. In addition, the question of whether separate consent is also applicable to the exceptions provided in Article 13 of the Personal Information Protection Law is controversial in both practice and academia, with the affirmative being based mainly on the fact that the concept of consent can logically encompass separate consent, while the negative is questioned from the differences between the draft and formal provisions of the Personal Information Law.