基于生态学视角下区域高校多样性评价研究

Research on Diversity Evaluation of Regional Universities from the Perspective of Ecology

摘要: 保持较高水平的多样性是普及化阶段高等教育回应社会多元需求的现实要求，也是建设高质量高等教育体系的重要任务。目前，我国高等教育系统面临着“千校一面”趋同化发展，省际间教育多样性水平差距大等问题。本文基于生物多样性视角，运用多样性指数对我国区域高校多样性水平进行测量。结果发现，一是高等教育系统丰富度和院校的数量有一定相关性。二博恩本指数、辛普森指数、香浓均匀度指数中，香浓维纳指数对丰富度和均衡度分析更为敏感，辛普森指数较为稳健。三高校的丰富度和均匀度不存在明显的相关性，分为高丰度高均匀，高丰度低均匀，高均匀低丰度，正常丰富度均匀度四类。实现高水平体系要进行合理规划，动态调整院校结构，发挥政府与市场调节作用，提高政策针对性。

Abstract: Maintaining a high level of diversity is a realistic requirement for higher education to respond to the diverse needs of society in the popularization stage, and it is also an important task for building a high-quality higher education system. At present, China’s higher education system is faced with the problems of “one thousand schools, one side” convergence development, and large gap in educational diversity level among provinces. Based on the perspective of biodiversity, this paper uses the diversity index to measure the diversity level of regional universities in China. It is found that, firstly, there is a certain correlation between the richness of higher education system and the number of institutions. Among the Burnham Index, Simpson Index and Shannon uniformity index, Shannon Wiener Index is more sensitive to the analysis of richness and balance, and Simpson Index is more robust. There is no obvious correlation between the richness and uniformity of colleges and universities, which can be divided into four categories: high abundance and high uniformity, high abundance and low uniformity, high uniformity and low abundance, and normal richness and uniformity. To realize a high-level system, we should make rational planning, dynamically adjust the structure of colleges and universities, give full play to the regulatory role of the government and the market, and improve the pertinence of policies.