《清代新疆档案选辑》所见吐鲁番地区的“执照”

“License” of Turpan Region Seen in “Family of Xinjiang Archives of the Qing Dynasty”

摘要: 新疆由于处于边远地区、少数民族众多，清政府必须要强化对边疆地区的统治，规范吐鲁番地区的政治、经济、文化，力求与内地做到统一。“执照”就是其中的表现形式之一，《清代新疆档案选辑》中收录了大量晚清时期关于吐鲁番地区的档案，而本文将以档案中摘录的“执照”入手，对档案中出现的执照进行分类归纳，并研究其内容及所起到的作用，用以还原晚清吐鲁番户民的社会生活的一方面，以及官府对该地区的管理手段及运行。

Abstract: Because Xinjiang is in the remote areas, with many ethnic minorities, the Qing government must strengthen the rule of the border areas, standardize Turpan’s politics, economy, culture, and strive to achieve unification with the mainland. “License” is one of the forms, “Family of Xinjiang Archives of the Qing Dynasty” collected a large amount of files about Turpan region in the late Qing dynasty, and this article will take the files from the “license” to classify the license file in induction, and study its content and play a role, to restore the late Qing dynasty Turpan family social life of the people, and the administrative means and operation of the government to the area.