正义原则的转向——论罗尔斯的“重叠共识”理念对正义原则稳定性的重构

The Turn of the Principle of Justice—On the Reconstruction of the Stability of the Principle of Justice by Rawls’ Idea of “Overlapping Consensus”

摘要: 正义原则在罗尔斯的《正义论》中早有详细论述，可奇怪的是，随着罗尔斯《政治自由主义》一书的出现，罗尔斯将正义原则从道德范畴转向政治观念，专注思考如何使得独立于任何完备性学说之外的政治观念成为社会统一与共识的基础。本文试图探析这种转向背后的根本原因是什么。罗尔斯是如何实现转向的？“重叠共识”是如何建构的？以及“重叠共识”下的正义原则是否就具有了稳定性？

Abstract: The principle of justice was discussed in detail in Rawls’s Theory of Justice, but curiously, with the advent of Rawls’s book Political Liberalism, Rawls shifted the principle of justice from a moral cat-egory to a political conception, focusing on how to make the political conception, independent of any doctrine of completeness, the basis of social unity and consensus. This paper seeks to explore what are the underlying reasons behind this shift. How did Rawls achieve this shift? How was the “overlapping consensus” constructed? And did the principle of justice under the “overlapping con-sensus” become stable?