疫情防控常态化背景下大学新生心理复原力与负性情绪关系探究

Research on the Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Negative Emotion of Freshmen in the Context of Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control

摘要: 目的：以疫情防控常态化为大背景，对新入学的2021级大学新生进行问卷调查，了解大学新生的心理复原力状况，进一步探讨其心理复原力与焦虑和抑郁负性情绪之间的关系，为做好大学新生的心理健康教育和相关教学工作提供途径和依据。方法：应用大学生心理复原力量表(RSUS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对新入学的332名2021级大学新生进行问卷调查，采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：2021级大学新生心理复原力水平为113 ± 15.5，心理复原力整体良好，抑郁阳性率为19.3%，焦虑阳性率为11.4%。在家庭关系、同学朋友关系融洽度上差异具有统计学意义(F = 26.821, p < 0.01; F = 30.098, p < 0.01)；在性别、年龄、是否独生子女方面差异无统计学意义(t = 1.264, p > 0.05; t = 0.964, p > 0.05; t = 0.483, p > 0.05)；心理复原力和抑郁、焦虑负性情绪呈负相关(r = −0.409**, p < 0.01; r = −0.595**, p < 0.01)；心理复原力负向预测抑郁情绪(β = −0.371, p < 0.01)，心理复原力无法负向预测焦虑情绪。结论：大学新生中家庭关系融洽度和同学朋友关系融洽度越好的同学其心理复原力就越高，心理复原力的高低会影响焦虑和抑郁负性情绪的发生发展，应要有针对性地提升心理复原力为促进大学新生学校适应提供路径。

Abstract: Objective: With the normalization of epidemic prevention and control as the background, a ques-tionnaire survey was conducted among the newly enrolled 2021 college freshmen to understand their psychological resilience, further explore the relationship between their psychological resi-lience and anxiety and depression, and provide a way and basis for the psychological health edu-cation and related teaching of college freshmen. Methods: Resilience Scale for University Students (RSUS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to investigate 332 freshmen of 2021 grade, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results: The level of psychological resilience of 2021 freshmen was 113 ± 15.5, and the overall psychological resilience was good. The positive rate of depression was 19.3%, and the positive rate of anxiety was 11.4%. There was a statistically significant difference in the harmony of family relationship and the relationship between classmates and friends (F = 26.821, p < 0.01; F = 30.098, p < 0.01); there was no significant difference in gender, age and whether there were only children (t = 1.264, p > 0.05; t = 0.964, p > 0.05; t = 0.483, p > 0.05); psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety (r = −0.409**, p < 0.01; r = −0.595**, p < 0.01); negative psychological resilience predicted depression (β = −0.371, p < 0.01), psychological resilience could not negatively predict anxiety. Conclusion: The better the harmony of family relationship and the relationship between classmates and friends, the higher the psychological resilience of freshmen. The level of psychological resilience will affect the occurrence and development of anxiety and depression negative emotions. It is necessary to improve the psychological resilience to provide a path to promote freshmen’s school adaptation.