我国海上货物运输中承运人责任制度的认定问题及完善

The Problems and Improvement of the Carrier’s Liability System in My Country’s Maritime Cargo Transport

摘要: 随着运输技术的发展和风险转移机制的逐步完善，承运人责任的加强受到大多航运发达国家的认可。承运人责任制度是整个国际海上货物运输的核心内容，如何认定承运人责任对于国际海运事业的发展具有重要意义。然而，我国在认定承运人责任的时候，法律规定缺乏可操作性，归责原则不明确，条文规定无强制性。因此，结合国内外实际情况，通过参照几个传统的海运公约，尤其是《鹿特丹规则》，统一承运人的归责原则，并增强法律条文中的强制力以适应新时代航运实践不断发展的需求。

Abstract: With the development of transport technology and the gradual improvement of risk transfer mechanism, the strengthening of carrier’s liability is recognized by most of the shipping developed countries. The carrier’s liability system is the core content of the entire international maritime cargo transportation, and how to identify the carrier’s liability is of great significance to the development of the international maritime transport business. However, in China, when determining the carrier’s liability, the legal provisions lack operability, the principles of imputation are unclear and the provisions are not mandatory. Therefore, by referring to several traditional maritime conventions, especially the Rotterdam Rules, the liability principles of carriers should be unified and the compulsory force in the legal provisions should be enhanced to meet the needs of the evolving shipping practice in the new era.