高血压风险与水汽压的关联性初步探究

Exploration on the Association between Water Vapor Pressure with Hypertension Risk

摘要: 大气的水汽含量可以对人体的散热机制、水盐平衡等方面产生影响，是仅次于气温的、对人体血液循环系统有显著影响的气象因子。水汽压(vapor pressure，常用e表征)表征大气中水汽的分压，单位百帕(hPa)。本研究采用偏相关分析与分布–滞后时间序列模型，探索性研究了北京市2008~2012年水汽压与几家三甲医院高血压急诊人数的关系，并按年龄、性别划分亚组。结果发现，在排除了气温影响的偏相关分析中，高血压发病风险与水汽压之间呈显著负相关(R = −0.127, P < 0.01)；而控制了水汽压影响时，气温的相关性几乎不显著。构造模型揭示，对全人群而言，水汽压–高血压风险的关系曲线呈“V”型，以21~22 hPa为分界，两侧水汽压的效应均呈增加趋势；男性患者对低水汽压更敏感(e = 3 hPa, RR = 1.299, 95%CI: 1.069~1.578)，而女性对高水汽压更敏感(e = 16.8 hPa, RR = 1.124, 95%CI: 1.018~1.241)。年龄分组显示，老年人受高水汽压的累积影响最大(RR = 1.122, 95%CI: 1.005~1.251)，说明老年人脆弱性更强，需注意防范不利天气。大气对人体的影响是综合性、多因子交叉的，水汽、大气压等因子的潜在影响也应受到重视，本研究初步揭示了水汽压与高血压风险的可能关联性。

Abstract: The moisture content of the atmosphere affects the heat dissipation mechanism, water-salt balance, and other aspects of the human body. It has significant impacts on the circulatory system of human body, which is only second to the air temperature. Water vapor pressure (expressed by “e”, unit: hPa) indicates the partial pressure of water vapor in the atmosphere. The partial correlation analysis and distributed-lag nonlinear model were applied to study the exposure-response relationship between number of emergency room (ER) visits for hypertension and vapor pressure, from 2008 to 2012 in Beijing, China. In contrast to relative humidity, vapor pressure could characterize the absolute moisture of atmosphere. With regard to the whole patients, the exposure-response curve was V-shaped on lag, immediate influences on ER visits of both high and low water vapor pressure were revealed. Besides, the cumulative RR of water vapor pressure 20~21 hPa was the smallest for both gender groups. In addition, the males were more vulnerable to low water vapor pressure than high circumstances (3 hPa, RR = 1.299, 95%CI: 1.069~1.578), while the females were sensitive to highwater pressure (e = 16.8 hPa, RR = 1.124, 95%CI: 1.018~1.241). The elderly over 65 years were more sensitive to the cumulative effect of moisture atmosphere (cum RR = 1.122, 95%CI: 1.005~1.251), indicating that the elderly group were more vulnerable and should take measures to prevent adverse weather. The impact of atmosphere on human body is comprehensive and multifactorial, the potential impact of water vapor, atmospheric pressure, and other factors also should be took more attention. In a word, this study preliminarily revealed the possible correlation between water vapor pressure and hypertension risk.