肠道微生物在阿尔茨海默病中的作用机制研究

Study on the Mechanism of Intestinal Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要: 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)是一种以进行性认知功能障碍为特征的神经系统退行性疾病，是老年人失智最常见的病因之一。近年来，肠道菌群与AD之间的关系成为研究AD疾病的一个重要方向。越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群在AD疾病的病理生理学中起到关键作用，为了探讨肠道微生物在AD中的发病机制，本文梳理了近年来国内外有关肠道菌群变化与AD相关进展关系的相关研究，以及调节肠道微生态在AD疾病治疗中的新进展。肠道微生物通过调节身体机能稳态维持健康，当肠道微生物异常将会导致神经炎症，神经炎症假说在AD的进展和预后中有决定性的作用。益生菌对于治疗各种胃肠道疾病有利的作用，适量摄入以益生菌类为特征的健康饮食其他营养成分相结合，可以延缓认知能力下降，降低患AD的风险。肠道微生物异常进而引发神经炎症等病变会增加患AD的风险，适量补充益生菌类食物可提高认知能力从而减少AD的发病。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction, and is one of the most common causes of dementia in the elderly. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and AD has become an important direction in the study of AD diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that gut bacteria play a key role in the pathophysiology of AD disease, in order to explore the gut microbes in the pathogenesis of AD, this article combed the at home and abroad in recent years, the relationship between intestinal flora changes associated with AD progress of related research, as well as regulating the intestinal micro ecology in AD a new progress in the treatment of disease. Intestinal microorganisms maintain health by regulating body function homeostasis. Abnormal intestinal microorganisms will lead to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation hypothesis plays a decisive role in the progression and prognosis of AD. Probiotics have beneficial effects on the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. Moderate intake of other nutrients in a healthy diet characterized by probiotics, combined with other nutrients, can delay cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD. Intestinal microbial abnormalities, which lead to neuroinflammation and other lesions, will increase the risk of AD. Appropriate supplementation of probiotic foods can improve cognitive ability and reduce the incidence of AD.