“结构”之中的“意义”——对梅洛–庞蒂“本原意义”根基的探析

“Sense” in “Structure”—An Analysis of the Foundation of Merleau Ponty’s “Original Sense”

摘要: 梅洛–庞蒂在早期两部著作中围绕意识与自然的关系问题，分别从外部“行为”与内部“知觉”入手进行考察，最终都证明了人与世界的关系首先并非认识关系，而是更为基础、先在的结构性的生存关系，现象世界不是纯粹的存在，而是“意义世界”。他在展开“结构”、“秩序”与“知觉”等众概念时仍不忘强调的“本原意义”是否超越了传统主客二元论的意义框架？《行为的结构》中梅氏从独特的结构视角揭示了其既非纯粹外在性，又非绝对意识或精神的意义根基，通过对他“本原意义”及其相关整体性完型与先验实在结构概念的深入探析，将有助人类明晰自我生命既有的意义秩序并由此敞开其他生命秩序的可能，同时对厘清人与自然本原关系的认识有一定启示性。

Abstract: Merleau Ponty focused on the relationship between consciousness and nature in his early two well-known works, studying by external “behavior” and internal “perception” respectively, ultimately demonstrating that the relationship between human and the world is not a cognitive relationship in the first place, but a structural relationship of existence; the phenomenal world is not a pure existence but a “senseful world”. Did the “original sense” he stressed when he developed the terms of “structure”, “order”, and “perception” transcend the framework of the traditional subject-object dualism? In “The Structure of Behavior”, Merleau Ponty reveals that the foundation of sense is neither pure externality, nor absolute consciousness or spiritual through his unique dimension of “structure”. The in-depth analysis of the concept of “original sense”, along with its corresponding “gestalt whole” and “priori-reality structure”, will help human beings to clarify the existing meaning order of self-life and thus open the door to the possibility of other life orders. It will also provide some illumination for better understanding the bond between human beings and nature.