宗法农民伦理体系的二元性——人性和人情

The duality of the patriarchal peasant ethics system—human nature and human feelings

摘要: 封建社会下的宗法共同体和宗法农民是一组特别的存在：宗法共同体有“保护”与“束缚”的两面，宗法农民也有宗法性和民主性的两面。宗法共同体的“保护”和宗法农民寻求保护的宗法性相结合，构成了宗法农民膨胀的人情；宗法共同体的“束缚”和宗法农民挣脱束缚的民主性相结合，宗法农民拥有人性萎缩和人性追求的特性。我们现阶段的任务不是要消除称之为本性的人情，而是要在消灭宗法共同体的基础上，对人们的“人情”和“人性”进行积极的引导。透析宗法共同体下宗法农民的“人性”和“人情”对现阶段当代社会里消灭人们的“人性”和“人情”的宗法禁锢残影有重要的启示，也是我们走向现代化面对如何更好解决人情禁锢伦理问题的一个重要课题。

Abstract: The patriarchal community and patriarchal peasants in the feudal society are a special group of existences: the patriarchal community has two sides of “protection” and “restraint”, and the patriarchal peasants also have both patriarchal and democratic aspects. The combination of the “protection” of the patriarchal community and the patriarchal nature of the patriarchal peasants seeking protection constitutes the expansion of the patriarchal peasants’ human feelings; the combination of the “restraint” of the patriarchal community and the democracy of the patriarchal peasants to break free, the patriarchal peasants have the shrinking and pursuit of humanity characteristics. Our task at this stage is not to eliminate the human feelings called nature, but to actively guide people’s “human feelings” and “human nature” on the basis of eliminating the patriarchal community. Analyzing the “human nature” and “human feelings” of patriarchal farmers under the patriarchal community has important enlightenment for the elimination of people's “human nature” and “human feelings” in contemporary society at this stage. It is also an important topic on how to better solve the ethical problems of human feelings imprisonment when we move towards modernization.