论老子的“损”与“益”

On Laozi’s “Reduction” and “Increase”

摘要: 老子言“损”与“益”，从道与天道的形而上基础出发，以对人道现实的关怀为最终旨归，强调“为道者”修行中“损”的重要性。因此，在不同范畴中，其虽包含统一性，但在具体内容上略有分别：整体上，“损”、“益”以“和”为原则；人道视域下，“为学”与“为道”相和相成，益的是大道真知，损的是“有为”。在此基础之上，“日损”、“损之又损”才能实现真正的无为。老子的主“损”论不仅是针对当时社会现状、社会问题所提出的解决方法，置之于中国高速发展的今天，亦于精神文明建设等方面具有积极的借鉴意义。

Abstract: Laozi said “reduction” and “increase”, starting from the metaphysical basis of Tao and Heaven, taking the concern for the reality of humanity as the ultimate goal, emphasizing the importance of “reduction” in the practice of Tao. Therefore, although it contains unity in different categories, it is slightly different in specific content: on the whole, “reduction” and “increase” are based on the principle of “harmony”; from a humane perspective, “learning" and “practice of Tao” are in harmony with each other, they benefit the true knowledge of the road and reduce “action”. On this basis, “daily reducing” and “reducing and reducing” can achieve real inaction. Laozi’s theory of principal “reduction” is not only a solution to the current social situation and social problems at that time, but also has positive reference significance in the construction of spiritual civilization in today’s rapid development of China.