《正义论》差别原则再思考——自然资质为社会共同财产问题探究

Rethinking the Difference Principle in Theory of Justice—Exploring the Issue of Natural Assets as the Common Property of Society

摘要: 罗尔斯的差别原则中提出将个人的“自然资质”视为“社会共同财产”，来为社会最不利者补偿。在三个方面对此问题进行了探讨，第一，“自然资质”为什么罗尔斯论证了它不应该属于个人，而是属于社会。第二，罗尔斯的理论中对于社会最不利者的界定。第三，这种强大的分配权限使得政府这个分配主体会更加强大，成为威胁个人自由的存在。

Abstract: Rawls’ difference principle proposes to treat individual’s “natural assets” as “social common property” to compensate the most disadvantaged in society. This issue is discussed in three aspects. First, why does Rawls argue that “natural assets” should not belong to the individual, but to the society. Second, Rawls’s theory defines the most disadvantaged person in society. Third, this powerful distribution authority makes the government, the distribution subject, more powerful, and becomes an existence that threatens individual freedom.