天津市北辰区7~12岁儿童近视患病率及远视储备调查

Investigation on the Prevalence of Myopia and Hyperopia Reserve of Children Aged 7~12 in Beichen District of Tianjin

摘要: 目的：通过调查天津市北辰区7~12岁学龄儿童近视的患病率及远视状况，研究近视眼患病率的发生发展变化，予以早期正确近视防控指导和治疗。方法：随机整群抽样的横断面校本研究，收集2020年天津市北辰区38所7~12岁32,408名在校小学生为研究对象，因疫情期间有些校区未能如期进行筛查等各种原因导致7478名学生未能入组，最后入组24,930名，年龄和性别上无统计学差异，入组学生中男生12,362名，女生12,568名，暗室环境自动验光测得屈光度数。受试儿童按年龄分组，男女性别近视患者比较，采用卡方检验。结果：天津市北辰区7~12岁儿童近视患病率为34.94%，高度近视患病率0.44%；不同年龄的近视患病率不同(2 = 3467.8631, P < 0.001)，男女生的近视患病率具有统计学差异(2 = 14.7406, P = 0.0001)。7~12岁学龄儿童远视检出率23.72%，近视前期检出率为41.34%，其中7~8岁、9~10岁和11~12岁学生远视检出率为35.69%、22.78%和12.99%，7~8岁、9~10岁和11~12岁学生近视前期检出率为50.51%、44.19%和29.36%。不同年龄的远视检出率不同(2 = 1166.3713, P < 0.001)，男女生的远视检出率有统计学差异(2 = 27.6043, P < 0.001)。结论：天津市北辰区7~12岁学龄儿童近视患病率34.94%，高度近视患病率0.44%，远视检出率23.72%，近视前期检出率为41.34%，屈光状态随年龄增加向近视化漂移，远视储备逐渐下降，近视已成为当今亟待解决的社会问题。

Abstract: Objective: By investigating the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia among school aged children aged 7~12 years in Beichen District, Tianjin, the occurrence and development of the prevalence of myopia were studied, and early and correct myopia prevention and control guidance and treatment was given. Method: In the cross-sectional school-based study of random cluster sampling, 32,408 schoolchildren aged 7~12 from 38 schools in Beichen District, Tianjin in 2020 were collected as the research objects. 7478 students were not included in the group due to various reasons such as the failure of some school districts to carry out screening as scheduled during the epidemic, and finally 24,930 students were included in the group. There was no statistical difference in age and gender. 12,362 boys and 12,568 girls were included in the group. The diopter was measured automatically in the dark room environment. The children were grouped according to age, and the comparison between male and female myopic patients was conducted by chi square test. Results: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia among children aged 7~12 years in Beichen District of Tianjin was 34.94% and 0.44%, respectively; The prevalence of myopia was different in different ages (2 = 3467.8631, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of myopia in male and female students was statistically different (2 = 14.7406, P = 0.0001). The detection rate of hyperopia in school aged 7~12 years old children was 23.72%. The detection rate of pre myopia was 41.34%, Among them, the detection rate of hyperopia was 35.69%, 22.78% and 12.99% in students aged 7~8, 9~10 and 11~12 years, and the detection rate of pre myopia was 50.51%, 44.19% and 29.36% in students aged 7~8, 9~10 and 11~12 years. The detection rate of hyperopia in different ages was different (2 = 1166.3713, P < 0.001). The detection rate of hyperopia in boys and girls was statistically different (2 = 27.6043, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia, high myopia, hyperopia and pre myopia among school aged children aged 7~12 years in Beichen District, Tianjin City was 34.94%, 0.44% and 23.72% and 41.34% respectively. The refractive status drifted towards myopia with age, and the hyperopia reserve gradually declined. Myopia has become a social problem that needs to be solved urgently today.