论《刑法》第20条第2款与第3款的关系——兼评安徽周某某正当防卫不起诉案

On the Relationship between Article 20, Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code—Concurrent Comments on the Case of Non Prosecution for Justifiable Defense of Zhou

摘要: 关于《刑法》第20条第2款与第3款的关系，理论上一直具有法律拟制和注意规定的不同观点。在以往司法实践对于防卫限度条件“唯结果论”的前提下，将《刑法》第20条第3款认定为法律拟制，确实会导致司法实践当中防卫过当的情形不当扩大。但是现今无论是理论通说，还是司法解释已明确指出“行为过当”和“结果过当”是防卫过当的并行条件。因此考虑到《刑法》理论的实践价值，在现行立法背景之下，将《刑法》第20条第3款视为法律拟制更加有利于激发公民实施正当防卫的积极性，并且更加方便于司法实践的操作。

Abstract: With regard to the relationship between article 20, paragraph 2, and paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code, there have always been different views on legal fiction and attention to provisions. Under the premise of “consequentialism” in previous judicial practice regarding the limitation conditions of defense, the recognition of paragraph 3 of article 20 of the Criminal Law as a legal fiction will indeed lead to the improper expansion of the situation of excessive defense in judicial practice. However, both general theory and judicial interpretation have clearly pointed out that “excessive behavior” and “excessive result” of conduct are parallel condi-tions for excessive defense. Therefore, considering the practical value of the theory of the Criminal Law, under the current legislative background, it is more conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm of citizens to exercise legitimate defense and is more convenient for the operation of judicial prac-tice under the background of current legislation.