机床主轴滑动止推轴承结构设计与性能分析

Structural Design and Performance Analysis of Machine Tool Spindle Sliding Thrust Bearing

摘要: 为提升数控机床主轴回转精度与声振特性，以主轴支撑组件为研究对象，对带有深浅腔的滑动止推轴承进行结构设计与性能分析，研究其承载特性和声振特性与深浅腔角度比及深度比的关系，结果表明：滑动止推轴承的承载力与刚度随着轴承转速的增大而提高；随着角度比的增大，轴承承载力和刚度呈上升趋势，且轴承的不稳定频率数先增多后减少，发生不稳定的频率范围也先增大后减小；随着深度比的增大，轴承承载力和刚度逐渐升高，且轴承系统不稳定频率数量逐渐增多，易发生失稳的频率范围先增大后减小。对带有深浅腔的滑动止推轴承承载与声振特性的研究对于液体滑动轴承的创新设计与机床主轴的性能提升具有重要意义。

Abstract: In order to improve the spindle rotation accuracy and acoustic vibration characteristics of CNC ma-chine tools, the spindle support assembly is taken as the research object. The structure of sliding thrust bearing with deep and shallow cavities is designed and the performance is analysed. The re-lationship between load bearing characteristics, acoustic vibration characteristics and the angle ra-tio, depth ratio of cavities is studied. It is found that the bearing capacity and stiffness of sliding thrust bearing increase with the increase of rotational speeds. With the increase of angle ratio, the bearing capacity and stiffness show an upward trend. Moreover, the number of unstable frequen-cies of the bearing increases first and then decreases, and the frequency range where instability occurs also increases first and then decreases. With the increase of depth ratio, the bearing capacity and stiffness gradually increase. Moreover, the number of unstable frequencies of the bearing in-creases gradually and the frequency range where instability occurs increases first and then de-creases. The research on the load bearing characteristics and acoustic vibration characteristics of the sliding thrust bearing with cavities is of great significance for the innovative design of the liquid sliding bearing and the improvement of the performance of the machine tool spindle.