农村幼儿教师职业压力的原因及对策——基于马斯洛需要层次理论的分析

The Causes and Countermeasures of Rural Preschool Teachers’ Occupational Stress—Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

摘要: 随着我国各阶段教育的快速发展，各领域的教师对职业压力也有了新的认识和挑战。近年来我国出台多项政策以强调学前教育，并对幼儿教师提出更高的要求，这使得幼儿教师在职业发展方面遭遇了更多的挑战。以马斯洛需要层次理论为依据，对幼儿教师职业压力进行分析发现农村幼儿教师不论是高级需要还是低级需要均未得到满足，因此政府和幼儿园应提高农村幼儿教师的经济水平和生活质量，帮助改善幼儿教师与家庭、同事及家长的关系、提升教师自身的专业素养、为教师创建温馨和谐的工作环境。

Abstract: With the rapid development of education in different stages, teachers in different fields have a new understanding and challenge of professional pressure. In recent years, China has introduced a number of policies to emphasize preschool education and put forward higher requirements for preschool teachers, which makes preschool teachers encounter more challenges in career development. Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, this paper analyzes the professional pressure of preschool teachers and finds that both high and low needs of rural preschool teachers have not been met. Therefore, the government and kindergartens should improve the economic level and quality of life of rural preschool teachers. Help to improve the relationship between preschool teachers and their families, colleagues and parents, enhance the professional quality of teachers, and create a warm and harmonious working environment for teachers.