6~7岁儿童对机会公平敏感

6 to 7-Year-Old Children Are Sensitive to Opportunity Equity

摘要: 机会公平是公平的重要组成部分，影响着社会发展与稳定。而以往关于儿童机会公平的研究没有分离机会公平与结果公平，也没有直接测量儿童的机会公平感。因此，我们的研究使用了一个修正版的双人选择任务来探讨6~7岁儿童在不同机会条件下的公平感。在任务中，我们操纵了儿童选择机会的公平程度，并将其与结果反馈(输、赢)分离。结果发现，儿童和成年人一样，在机会公平条件下感到公平、愉悦；在机会不公平(有利和不利机会不公平)条件下感到不公平、不愉悦。此外，消极的结果(输)反馈会削弱儿童的公平感和愉悦感，而积极的结果反馈(赢)会提升儿童的公平感和愉悦感。最后，儿童的公平感以及愉悦感比成年人更容易受到结果反馈的影响。这表明，儿童对机会公平敏感，并且容易受到结果反馈的影响。

Abstract: Opportunity equity is an important part of equity, affecting social development and stability. However, previous studies on children’s opportunity equity have not separated opportunity equity from outcome equity, nor have they directly measured children’s opportunity outcome equality. Therefore, our study used a modified version of the two-person choice task to explore the perception of fairness among 6- and 7-year-old under different opportunity conditions. In the task, we manipulated the fairness of children’s choice opportunities and separated it from outcome feedback (winning or losing). The results show that, like adults, children feel fair and pleasant under the condition of opportunity equity. Children feel unfair and unpleasant under conditions of opportunity inequity (advantage and disadvantage opportunity inequity). In addition, negative outcome feedback (losing) will weaken children’s sense of fair and pleasant, while positive outcome feedback (winning) will enhance children’s sense of fair and pleasant. Finally, children’s perceptions of fairness and pleasure are more likely to be influenced by outcome feedback than adults. This suggests that children are sensitive to opportunity fairness and easily influenced by outcome feedback.